Use Relative and Absolute Cell References

Lock a reference with $ so it stays put when you copy a formula.

You will learn to

• Know how references shift when copied
• Lock a reference with $F$1

How it works

When you copy a formula, relative references like B2 shift with it. An absolute reference like $F$1 stays fixed. Mixed references ($F1 or F$1) lock only the column or only the row.

=B2*(1+$F$1)